Crane Selection Guide for Logistics Warehouses: A Comprehensive Practical Solution from Requirements to Implementation

Mu bikorwa by'ububiko bugezweho, cranes zigena imikorere y'ububiko, umutekano, ikiguzi n'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza, bityo ni ibikoresho by'ibanze. Dukurikije imibare y'Ishyirahamwe ry'Ubushinwa rishinzwe ibicuruzwa no kugura, cranes zihujwe neza n'ububiko zishobora kongera umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa ku kigero kirenga 40%. This article will explore six key areas, using examples from e-commerce, manufacturing, cold chain and other types of warehouse to provide practical selection solutions.

1. Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa: Kugena ubudahangarwa bw'ibanze bwa cranes

Uburemere, imiterere nuburyo bwo gupakira ibicuruzwa bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ubwoko n'imikorere ya crane ikenewe:

Igipimo cy'uburemere:

Small items under 1 tonne: Prioritise overhead cranes or light-duty aisle stackers. - Palletized goods weighting 1–10 tonnes: Bridge cranes or gantry cranes are suitable. - Heavy goods over 10 tons: Require custom-built, heavy-duty bridge cranes with verified main beam material.

Imiterere y'imiterere: Cranes z'ubwoko bwa hook zikwiriye ibicuruzwa bisanzwe nk'amasanduku cyangwa ibintu bipfungwa. Ku byuma cyangwa imiyoboro, ibyuma by'amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho byo gufunga birinda kuterera mugihe cyo gufata. Cranes with 'variable-frequency lifting' (acceleration ≤0.5 m/s²) are required for fragile goods to minimise cargo sway.

Ibintu byihariye: Ibikoresho bya crane mu bubiko bw'uruhererekane rw'ubukonje bisaba moteri n'ibimenyetso bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hasi kugira ngo birinde imikorere mibi y'ibice. Ububiko bw'imiti bubika ibintu bishobora gutwika cyangwa biturika bigomba gukoresha cranes zirinda guturika kugira ngo hirindwe inkongi z'amashanyarazi gutwika.

2. Umwanya w'ububiko: Kugena ubunini bwa crane

Spatial parameters are hard constraints for selection and require precise, advance measurement.

Uburebure busobanutse ugereranyije n'uburebure bwo kuzamura: Uburebure bwa crane bugomba kuba munsi ya metero 0.8-1.2 munsi y'uburebure bw'ububiko kugira ngo bushobore kwakira ibikoresho by'amatara, imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza umuriro n'uruhushya rw'umutekano. Ku bubiko bwa metero 8 z'uburebure, hitamo uburebure bwa metero 6.8-7.2. Mu bubiko bw'ibyiciro byinshi, ubushobozi bw'imizigo yo hasi y'amagorofa yo hejuru (icyiciro cya kabiri n'hejuru) bugomba kwitabwaho, ugashyira imbere cranes z'ikiraro cyoroheje.

Uburebure n'ubugari bw'umuhanda: uburebure bwa crane y'ikiraro bigomba guhuza n'intera ya colonne y'ububiko, mubisanzwe metero 0.5 munsi kugirango wirinde kugongana n'inkingi. The track width for a gantry crane is determined by the yard width. Kurugero, ku busitani bwa metero 15 z'ubugari, ubugari bwa metero 14 bushobora gukwirakwiza ibice byinshi by'ibikorwa.

Ubugari bwa Aisle: Ku bubiko bufite inzira ntoya za metero ≤3, cranes zihagaritswe cyangwa za monorail zirasabwa gukoresha umwanya wo hejuru. Ku bubiko bwo kwimura hamwe n'inzira nini za metero ≥6, cranes zo hejuru z'ibicuruzwa bibiri zishobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza imikorere y'imikorere.

3. Frequency y'akazi: Kugenzura Imikorere ya Crane Duty Class Compatibility

The crane's duty cycle (classified as A1–A8 according to GB/T 3811–2008) has a direct impact on the equipment's lifespan and failure rates. Guhitamo bigomba gushingira ku gihe cy'akazi n'inshuro z'akazi:

Light duty (A1–A3): ≤2 hours of operation per day. Suitable for small spare parts warehouses or seasonal storage facilities. Ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa birashobora gushyirwaho kugirango ugenzure ibiciro byibicuruzwa.

Medium duty (A4-A6): Daily operation of 2-8 hours. Suitable for standard e-commerce warehouses and manufacturing raw material storage. Ibi bikoresho bisaba ibikoresho bihamye; Cranes rated A5 or above are recommended. Moteri yabo ya F-class irashobora kwihanganira gutangiza no guhagarara kenshi.

Heavy Duty (A7-A8): Gukora buri munsi nibura amasaha 8. Suitable for large transfer warehouses, port logistics facilities and 24/7 e-commerce sorting centers. Zikeneye cranes zo ku rwego rwa A7 cyangwa zirenze, zifite sisitemu yo gutwara moteri ebyiri kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa moteri imwe.

II. Matching Crane Types by Scenario

1. Overhead cranes: The all-rounder for indoor large warehouses

Inyungu z'ingenzi: - Uburebure bunini (metero 5-35)

- Heavy load capacity (1-50 tonnes)

- Extensive operational coverage They are able of lateral and longitudinal movement along tracks and are suitable for multi-bay, continuous warehouses.

Ibipimo bikwiye: Ububiko bwo guhererekanya ibicuruzwa bya gatatu bisaba gukoreshwa kenshi; gukora ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa byarangiye; n'ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa bya e-commerce. Ububiko bwa Aziya No. 1 bwa JD.com bukoresha cranes 20 zo mu cyiciro cya A5 zihujwe na sisitemu ya WMS mu gukora ibicuruzwa no kongera umusaruro wa buri munsi ku kigero cya 50%.

Considerations: Overhead track installation is required on warehouse roofs. Ibisabwa byubwubatsi: Uburemere bw'umuzigo mukuru ugomba kuba inshuro ≥1.2 uburemere bwa crane. Uruhushya ruhagije rugomba gushyirwaho mu gihe cyo gushyirwaho kugira ngo hirindwe amakimbirane n'imiyoboro y'umuriro n'ibikoresho byo guhumeka.

2. Gantry cranes: Ibisubizo bihendutse byububiko bwo hanze / semi-open

Inyungu z'ibanze: - Kwigenga kw'imiterere y'imbere mu nzu

- Suitable for outdoor yards, semi-open warehouses and port bonded warehouses Select models feature 'cross-track movement' for irregular yard layouts.

Suitable applications: Port logistics yards for handling container trucks, building material warehouses for storage steel and cement, and outdoor yards for storage temporary construction materials. Kurugero, pariki y'ibicuruzwa bikonjesha ku cyambu yohereje cranes icumi za gantry hamwe n'ubwirinzi bw'imvura hamwe n'ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe buciriritse, bifasha gutwara kontineri 24/7 nta gutakaza ubushobozi mu gihe cy'ubukonje.

Kwirinda: Ibikorwa byo hanze bisaba ibindi bikoresho birwanya umuyaga, nk'imigozi ya gari ya moshi na sisitemu yo guhagarara hamwe n'igipimo cyo kurwanya umuyaga nibura 8. Imihanda yo hasi isaba kubungabungwa buri gihe kugira ngo hirindwe ingese ziterwa n'umuvuduko w'amazi.

3. Aisle stackers: The 'core equipment' of automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS).

Inyungu z'ibanze: Automatisation yo hejuru (ihuza na AGVs na sisitemu ya WMS); Gukoresha umwanya udasanzwe (inshuro eshatu ubushobozi bwo kubika ugereranyije n'ububiko busanzwe); Ideal for high-density storage scenarios.

Ibicuruzwa bigezweho: Ibicuruzwa bigezweho (urugero nk'ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa by'ibicuruzwa by'ibicuruzwa)

- Pharmaceutical cold chain warehouses (which require constant temperature and humidity)

- Ububiko bw'ibice bya elegitoroniki (bisaba gukuraho umukungugu) Kurugero, ububiko bwikora bw'isosiyete y'imiti bukoresha inkingi ebyiri za stacker zihujwe na senseur z'ubushyuhe no kumenya barcode. Ibi bigera kuri automatisation yuzuye ya 'inbound – storage – outbound' process for pharmaceuticals, with an error rate of ≤0.01%.

Ibitekerezo: Guhuza neza na sisitemu ya racking birakenewe, hamwe nubugari bwa aisle bwihanganira ≤5 mm. Umuvuduko w'akazi ugomba guhindurwa ukurikije uburebure bwa rack. Ku mihanda irengeje metero 15, umuvuduko usabwa ni ≤15 m/min kugira ngo wirinde kuzunguruka. Gusukura buri gihe inzira ziyobora hamwe na senseur ya photoelectric ni ingenzi kugirango wirinde umukungugu kubangamira aho uhagaze.

4. Overhead Crane: Space-saving solution for small/narrow warehouses

Inyungu z'ingenzi: - Gushiraho byoroshye hamwe n'ibisenge by'ibisenge cyangwa inzira zigenga

- Minimal footprint

- User-friendly operation Ideal for light-load, agile work scenarios.

Suitable scenarios: Automotive parts warehouses in dealerships; ububiko buto bw'inganda za elegitoroniki; and temporary handling zones within workshops. Example: An automotive parts warehouse implemented a monorail overhead crane with manual hoists to enable direct transport of parts "from shelf to repair station", reducing labour costs by 30%.

Icyitonderwa: Ubusanzwe uburemere bw'imizigo ni toni ≤5 kandi ntibukwiriye imizigo iremereye. Inzira ya gari ya moshi igomba kuba ku rwego rwo hejuru hamwe n'ikinyuguti cya ≤3 mm / 10 m kugirango hirindwe guhagarara mu gihe cy'ibikorwa. Buri gihe ugenzura amapine yo guhagarara kugirango wirinde ibyago byumutekano byatewe no kurekura.

III. Focus on Key Parameters

1. Duty cycle: Igena uburambe bwibikoresho

Duty cycle is defined by both use grade and load condition. Kurugero, icyiciro cya A5 gihuye na 'T5 + Q2', ikwiriye imizigo yo hagati isaba amasaha 4-6 yibikorwa bya buri munsi. Icyitonderwa: niba inshuro nyayo yo gukora irenze igihe cyakazi cyibikoresho, bizatuma moteri na feri zisaza hakiri kare, bikagabanya ubuzima bwa serivisi hejuru ya 50%.

2. Kuzamura uburebure n'umuvuduko

Uburebure bwo kuzamura: Ibi bigomba gukubita intera kuva ku bubiko bwo hasi kugeza kuri shene yo hejuru, hamwe n'uruhushya rw'umutekano rwa metero 0.5.

Umuvuduko wo kuzamura: Uburyo bwo kwihuta no ku muvuduko wo hasi burahari. Hitamo uburyo bw'umuvuduko wo hasi (2-5 m / min) ku bicuruzwa biremereye cyangwa bifite intege nke hamwe n'uburyo bw'umuvuduko mwinshi (8-12 m / min) ku mizigo isanzwe. Ubwoko bumwe bwa premium bufite "variable frequency speed control" ihindura umuvuduko mu buryo bwikora hashingiwe ku miterere y'imizigo.

3. Travel speed and braking performance: Ensuring 'operational efficiency and safety'.

Umuvuduko w'urugendo: umuvuduko wa trolley nini muburebure ubusanzwe ni 10-30 m / min, mugihe umuvuduko wa trolley y'ubufasha ku muyoboro munini ni 5-20 m / min. Hindura ibi ukurikije ubunini bwububiko: hitamo umuvuduko mwinshi wububiko bunini hamwe numuvuduko muto mubuto kugirango ugabanye gutangira no guhagarara kenshi.

Braking performance: must feature dual braking (electromagnetic + mechanical). Igihe cyo gusubiza nyuma yo gutakaza ingufu ni amasegonda ≤0.5. Ibinyabiziga by'umwimerere ntibigomba kurenza kimwe cya gatatu cy'uburebure bw'umwimerere. Jya wihutira gusimbuza kugira ngo wirinde gutsindwa kw'ibicuruzwa.

4. Kugabanya switch n'ibikoresho by'umutekano

Crane igomba kuba irimo ibintu bitanu by'ubwirinzi bw'umutekano:

Lifting height limit switch: Prevent the hook from colliding with overhead structures.

- Travel Limit Switch: Irinda kugongana kw'ibikoresho n'inkingi cyangwa imigozi y'iherezo.

Load limit switch: Automatically alarms and cuts lifting power during overload. Overload protection accuracy: ≤5%.

- Wire rope break protection: Automatically locks the hook upon wire rope failure to prevent cargo drop.

- Emergency stop button: Can be triggered from any place on the equipment with a response time of ≤0.3 seconds.

5. Gukoresha ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije

Imikorere ya moteri: Shyira imbere IE3 cyangwa moteri zikora neza kugirango ugere ku kuzigama ingufu hejuru ya 15% ugereranyije na moteri za IE2.

Variable frequency technology: Cranes with VFD functionality reduce hoisting and travel energy consumption by 20-30%.

Ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije: Ibitambaro bigomba kubahiriza ibipimo bya VOC kugira ngo birinde imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu bubiko.

IV. Kubahiriza umutekano:

1. Iyubahirizwa ry'ibikoresho: Kubahiriza amahame y'igihugu n'amabwiriza y'inganda

Ibyemezo by'ibicuruzwa hamwe na raporo z'igeragezwa ry'ubwoko bigomba kuboneka munsi ya GB / T 3811-2008 "Ibisobanuro by'igishushanyo mbonera cya cranes" na GB 6067.1-2010 "Amabwiriza y'umutekano w'imashini zo kuzamura".

2. Material adaptability: Addressing Special Environmental Challenges

Ibidukikije by'ubushyuhe: Imibiri ya crane ikeneye galvanisation ishyushye hamwe n'igipimo cyo kwirinda ingese nibura Sa2.5, nk'uko byasobanuwe muri GB / T 18226-2015.

Ububiko bw'imiti y'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (ubushyuhe ≥40 ° C): Moteri zigomba gukoresha insulation yo mu cyiciro cya H, ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 180 ° C.

Ibidukikije bikunze kugaragara mu ivumbi (urugero nk'ibinyampeke / ibiryo by'ibiryo): Ibikoresho bisaba ibishushanyo bifunguye kugira ngo umukungugu winjire muri moteri na bearings.

V. Kubungabunga umwanya wo kuvugurura ubwenge

1. Ubushobozi bwo guhuza sisitemu

The crane must support integration with warehouse management systems (WMS), intelligent dispatch systems (WCS) and IoT platforms to achieve seamless connectivity across the whole 'order – dispatch – operation – data feedback' workflow. Kurugero, kohereza amakuru yimikorere ya crane mu gicu ukoresheje API interfaces bifasha kugenzura igihe nyacyo cyibikoresho niterambere ryo gutwara imizigo.

2. Smart component integration

Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa byifashishwa mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa by'ibicuruzwa, nka:

IMVAHONSHYA - Nyamasheke: Hatangijwe ubukangurambaga bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko habaho ubukangurambaga

- AI vision recognition: Automatic cargo positioning to enhance grasping accuracy

- Energy consumption monitoring modules: Track equipment energy usage to optimise operational workflows.

Unmanned operation systems: A future upgrade path to 'unmanned cranes' for dark, dangerous or otherwise inhospitable environment.

3. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubufatanye: imiterere y'ibikoresho igomba gushyigikira kuvugurura mu gihe kizaza. Kurugero, cranes z'ikiraro zigomba kubika umwanya wo 'kongeramo inkweto z'ingirakamaro', mu gihe ibipimo by'inzira birashobora kwagurwa bikagera ku mikorere ya 'dual forks' kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa mu mikorere.

Summary: Crane selection for logistics warehouses

Requirement survey: Measure warehouse clearance height, span and aisle width; inyandiko y'imizigo (uburemere, imiterere n'imiterere yihariye); Kugenzura igihe cyakazi cya buri munsi n'inshuro z'akazi.

Model screening: Match crane types (bridge, gantry, aisle stacker, overhead) to requirements, removing those that are clearly unsuitable.

Kugenzura ibipimo: Gereranya ibisobanuro byibanze nkigihe cyumurimo, uburebure bwo kuzamura hamwe nimikorere ya feri kugirango urebe ko ibisabwa byimikorere byujujwe.

Compliance and service evaluation: Confirm that the equipment meets national standards and assess the manufacturer's after-sales service capabilities and case studies.

Consider upgrade potential: Evaluate the equipment's smart integration and expansion capabilities to accommodate future development.

Nk'isosiyete itanga crane ku isi, Henan Mine Crane itanga ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibicuruzwa kuva kuri toni 5 kugeza kuri 500. Dutanga ibishushanyo byihariye bishingiye ku bishushanyo by'urubuga, imiterere y'imizigo n'ibipimo by'ibidukikije. Serivisi zacu zuzuye zubuzima zitanga ibisubizo byose, uhereye kugenzura ikibanza no gutegura igishushanyo mbonera kugeza ku gushira, kohereza no kubungabunga buri gihe.

Email: infocrane@henanmine.com